Judul : Now, the "Job" of Firefighters Is Not Only to Extinguish Fires, This Is the History of Firefighting in Indonesia
link : Now, the "Job" of Firefighters Is Not Only to Extinguish Fires, This Is the History of Firefighting in Indonesia
Now, the "Job" of Firefighters Is Not Only to Extinguish Fires, This Is the History of Firefighting in Indonesia
Now, the Fire Department (Damkar) has various tasks, not only extinguishing fires. Here is the history of the fire department in Indonesia.
---
Best for you, join our WhatsApp Channel, follow and get our latest news here
---
Best for youOnline.com - Nowadays, whenever there is a problem, the fire department (Damkar) is usually called. Not only do they extinguish fires, but Damkar is also called to catch monitor lizards that enter houses, snakes that many people are afraid of, and so on. There are also people who do not commit suicide but prefer to talk about their problems with Damkar.
Lalu bagaimana sejarah Pemadam Kebakaran alias sejarah Damkar di Indonesia?
Already existed since the Dutch era
Citing Dpkp.palangkaraya.go.id, the issue of fire extinguishing in Indonesia has existed since the Dutch era. At that time, it was still called de Brandweer, and it was present in major cities in the Dutch East Indies at that time.
Citing Kompas.com, the first fire department in Indonesia was established during the Dutch East Indies era, named De Brandweer. De Brandweer was first established in Surabaya in 1810, followed by the emergence of De Brandweer Batavia (Jakarta), which began to be organized in 1873.
Firefighters were dominated by professional Dutch people, although they initially did not have permanent members. It was only after the major fire in Kramat Kwitang in 1913 that De Brandweer was organized more seriously.
Ketika Indonesia jatuh ke tangan Jepang, De Brandweer berganti nama menjadi "Syoobootai”. Kemudian, setelah Indonesia merdeka, pasukan pemadam kebakaran ditetapkan sebagai Barisan Pemadam Kebakaran.
According to the book "From BRANDWEER to DKI Jakarta Fire Department" written by GH Winokan, who was also a former firefighter, fire-fighting matters had already become the concern of the Dutch colonial government in Batavia in 1873. Brandweer was established by the Resident of Batavia through the Reglement op de Brandweer in de Afdeeling stand Vorstenden Van Batavia.
At that time, there was a big fire in Kramat-Kwitang. The Batavia City Government apparently could not handle the fire. Then on January 25, 1915, the government issued Reglement of de Brandweer or Regulation on Firefighting. Then on October 4, 1917, a new regulation was issued through the provision called Staadsblad 1917 No. 602. In this provision, there was a division of fire-fighting responsibilities: Civil Fire Department and Military Fire Department.
At that time, their fire-fighting equipment was certainly not as advanced as now. During the Dutch era, the fire department did not use water-carrying vehicles, but instead used water channels located near the fire scene and carried the water manually with buckets.
But of course, problems will arise when the dry season comes, when water channels dry up: fires are difficult to extinguish, and the risks are also high for the staff, as they are only equipped with ladders, manual sprayers, and fire suits that resemble raincoats.
Previously, one fire station was located at Jl. Kiai Haji Zainul Arifin number 71 (now Jalan Ketapang), Central Jakarta. The fire department also had an office in Kebayoran Baru, South Jakarta. In East Jakarta, their station was located on Jalan Matraman Raya. Initially, the fire department in Indonesia did not have permanent staff, but they had permanent staff from 1850 onwards.
In Jakarta, there is a commemorative monument of Brandweer Batavia 1919-1929. The monument is a gift from the Betawi community to the firefighters at that time.
Because of the major fire in Kramat-Kwitang in 1913, as mentioned above, in 1919 the mayor of Batavia began to reorganize firefighting activities, marked by the establishment of the Batavia Fire Department office in the current Gambir area. The next change occurred on July 31, 1922, through provisions called the Bataviasch Brandweer Reglement.
During the Japanese occupation, fire-fighting regulations changed through provisions known as Osamu Seirei No. II regarding Shōbōtai or firefighters on April 20, 1943. After Indonesia's independence, specifically around 1957 to 1969, the term "firefighters" was again changed using the nomenclature Barisan Pemadam Kebakaran, abbreviated as BPK.
Lalu pada era Gubernur DKI Jakarta Ali Sadikin, nama BPK diubah menjadi Dinas Pemadam Kebakaran melalui Surat Keputusan Gubernur KDH DKI Jakarta No. ib.3/3/15/1969. Perubahan itu tidak hanya mengubah nomenklatur, tetapi juga mengganti tugas pokok dan fungsi DPK, yakni menambahkan nomenklatur Bagian Pencegahan.
History of fire extinguishers in the world
Then, how is the history of fire extinguishers in the world?
Quoting Kompas.com, firefighters, or any similar activity, already existed since ancient Roman times, specifically around the first century BCE. This special unit was first formed by Marcus Licinius Crassus (115-53 BCE), a Roman general and politician.
What's interesting is that Crasus formed this special unit for personal gain. He organized a fire-fighting force of about 500 people, who would be deployed when a fire disaster occurred. But when they arrived at the scene, the fire-fighting team did not immediately extinguish the fire, but first offered the property owner a service fee for fire suppression.
If the owner refuses to pay, Crassus and his army will let any house or building burn down.
Then in 60 CE, due to a great fire, the imperial fire brigade called the Vigiles was formed by Emperor Nero. The Vigiles, consisting of trained slaves, had the main task of maintaining city order and patrolling at night. The Vigiles consisted of several battalions assigned to various districts and were paid with tax money.
There are several divisions within the Vigiles, including:
1. Uncinarius: a person who carries a large hook and is responsible for removing the roof of a burning house.
2. Siphonarius: a person responsible for operating the water pump.
3. Aquarius: the team whose main task is to supply water to the pump and manage the bucket chain.
4. Emperor: head of the fire-fighting operation.
From ancient Rome, we move to England. In 1666, the country experienced a devastating fire that changed the fire-fighting system. The fire lasted five days, between September 2-6, causing as many as 13,200 houses and 87 churches to burn. While the number of victims cannot be determined due to the large number of burned bodies that could not be identified.
The fire originated from Thomas Farynor's bakery on Pudding Lane, London, and then quickly spread to the Thames due to strong winds. On the Thames, the fire spread to oil and tallow warehouses, causing the fire to grow larger and eventually destroy part of London Bridge.
After the incident, the first fire insurance company named "The Fire Office" was established in 1667 by Nicholas Barbon. Since then, similar companies emerged, and each building with insurance would be marked or have a badge on its wall. Thus, when a fire occurred, the firefighters from the relevant company would be called.
This system indeed makes fire handling better. On the other hand, buildings are often left to burn until the relevant fire department arrives. A similar situation occurs in America, where private fire departments often compete to handle fires.
The first organized city fire department was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1824, the Edinburgh Fire Engine Establishment, led by James Braidwood. This idea was followed by London, which established The London Fire Engine Establishment in 1833.
Unikly, the first head of the department of The London Fire Engine Establishment was James Braidwood as well. James Braidwood served until 1861, when he died while carrying out his duty to extinguish a fire that was consuming a warehouse on Tooley Street, London.
Demikianlah Artikel Now, the "Job" of Firefighters Is Not Only to Extinguish Fires, This Is the History of Firefighting in Indonesia
Anda sekarang membaca artikel Now, the "Job" of Firefighters Is Not Only to Extinguish Fires, This Is the History of Firefighting in Indonesia dengan alamat link https://www.punyakamu.com/2025/07/now-job-of-firefighters-is-not-only-to.html
0 Response to "Now, the "Job" of Firefighters Is Not Only to Extinguish Fires, This Is the History of Firefighting in Indonesia"
Post a Comment