Judul : Trump's Impact: Continue Imposing 32 Percent Import Tariffs on Indonesia
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Trump's Impact: Continue Imposing 32 Percent Import Tariffs on Indonesia
Efforts Indonesian government's trade negotiations did not yield results after US President Donald Trump insisted on implementing Import tariff As 32 percent.
This certainty is expressed in an official letter dated July 7, 2025, made public, with the tariff implementation schedule starting August 1, 2025. With the disregard of Indonesia's offer, this policy has an impact on several sectors, such as the economic sector, practices transshipment , and fisheries.
"Starting August 1, 2025, we will only charge a tariff of 32 percent for all Indonesian products sent to the US, separate from sectoral tariffs," wrote. Trump In the letter.
According to Trump, the 32 percent tariff is still considered small compared to the amount needed to balance the trade deficit with Indonesia.
Impact on Indonesia's Economy and Industry
Rise policy Entry tariff become a serious threat to Indonesia's economy by the American administration. According to Tempo's editorial evaluator Yopie Hidayat, in his article published by Tempo on April 6, 2025, these additional tariffs directly make the prices of Indonesian products in the American market higher, thus risking a decline in consumer demand and triggering a chain reaction that hits the economy from various aspects.
First, this policy threatens Indonesia's balance of payments. So far, Indonesia has enjoyed a large trade surplus with the US, which reached US$16.8 billion in 2024—the highest value among all trading partners. A decline in exports due to tariffs will erode this vital surplus and hinder the inflow of dollars into the country.
The shortage of dollar supply has the potential to greatly weaken the rupiah's exchange rate, a trend that has already become visible when the exchange rate once dropped close to the level of Rp16,800 per US dollar, the lowest point in history. Sustained depreciation of the rupiah will bring serious consequences in the form of "imported inflation," causing prices of all kinds of imported goods to rise, thus affecting the purchasing power of all layers of Indonesian society without exception.
On the company scale, the impact of tariffs will be most severe in the labor-intensive manufacturing sector, which has been Indonesia's main export to the US. Factories are facing the bitter reality of declining demand, forcing them to cut production. If this situation continues for a long time, many industries are threatened with bankruptcy, which can end in mass layoffs.
Layoff threats have become very real because Indonesia's main exports to the US, such as electronics, apparel, textiles, footwear, and furniture, have long production chains and employ many workers. Thus, this tariff policy not only threatens macroeconomic stability, but also directly endangers the lives of tens of thousands of households dependent on the continuity of these industries.
Impact on Practice Transshipment
In addition to the impact on the economic sector, Yopie also explained the impact of this policy on practices transshipment . Transshipment It is a practice where Chinese exporters use Southeast Asian countries as a stepping stone to send products to the US in order to avoid high tariffs. To close this loophole, the US may potentially pursue the application of rules of origin for goods or Rules of Origin (ROO) very strict.
For example, the US could set a condition that Indonesian products must not contain more than 10 percent Chinese-made components. Such rules are considered far more dangerous than tariffs, as they are nearly impossible to meet for modern manufacturing industries, and their impact could be equivalent to a total export ban.
This situation directly hits the honest local manufacturing industry, making it harder for them to compete and weakening the sector as a whole.
The negative impact is already reflected in economic data. The Indonesian manufacturing Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) fell sharply to 46.7 in April 2025, down from 52.4 in the previous month. This figure below 50 indicates the worst contraction since the 2021 pandemic, marked by a decline in production, new orders, reduction in raw material purchases, and a surge in layoffs (PHK).
Thus, the biggest challenge for Indonesian negotiators now is to fight hard so that the US does not implement ROO rules that can cripple the economy.
Impact on the Fisheries Sector
The head of the Center for Coastal and Marine Resources Studies at IPB, Yonvitner, conveyed the threats and impacts of this tariff decision for the fishing sector. In his article published in Tempo on April 29, 2025, Yonvitner explained that Trump's import tariff policy is a severe blow to Indonesia's fishing sector, which has long considered the United States as its main market, with an average annual export value of US$2 billion.
Export commodities such as fish and shrimp are now subject to tariffs of 32–35 percent, directly threatening competitiveness. This threat is exacerbated by other U.S. policies that prioritize domestic industries and the reduction of USAID funding for Indonesia's marine sector.
On the other hand, the national fishing industry was already fragile due to high production costs, especially because of fuel prices, making it difficult to compete even before the tariffs.
Nevertheless, this crisis is considered a crucial moment to carry out fundamental reforms and eliminate dependency. The government is driven to implement a dual strategy, both externally and internally. Externally, the government needs to actively seek new export markets, such as the potential markets in the Middle East, while utilizing its membership in BRICS to promote trade using local currencies.
According to him, this step out must be balanced with fundamental improvements within the country, focusing on improving efficiency. This can be done through innovations in cultivation such as Seafarming , the use of alternative energy to reduce costs, as well as boosting domestic consumption through programs such as free nutritious meals.
With a combination of market diversification strategies, cost efficiency, and strengthening the domestic market, the threat of US tariffs is believed to be anticipated and no longer a frightening factor for the future of Indonesia's fisheries sector.
Yopie Hidayat, Yonvitner, dan Anastasya Lavenia Yudi contributed to the writing of this article.Demikianlah Artikel Trump's Impact: Continue Imposing 32 Percent Import Tariffs on Indonesia
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