Judul : BRICS Energy Transition Campaign: China Dominant, Indonesia Lagging Behind
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BRICS Energy Transition Campaign: China Dominant, Indonesia Lagging Behind
Best for you , JAKARTA - Member countries BRICS Estimating that oil will still play a crucial role in the global energy mix, especially in developing countries. This is a strong indication that the BRICS group faces challenges in unifying positions on major issues related to Energy transition .
The 2025 BRICS High-Level Meeting in Brazil has ended. In a joint statement, BRICS leaders urged wealthy countries to fund global efforts to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions.
In addition, Brazilian President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva strongly condemned the denial of the emergency situation in his opening speech at the 2025 BRICS Summit. climate . She indirectly criticized the decision of former US President Donald Trump to withdraw his country from the 2015 Paris Agreement.
Lula stated that denial and unilateralism are eroding past achievements and damaging the shared future. "Currently, denial and unilateralism are eroding past achievements and damaging our future," he said, as reported by Reuters on Monday (7/7/2025).
In addition, BRICS leaders condemned policies such as carbon border taxes and anti-deforestation laws recently adopted by Europe. BRICS view Europe as enforcing what it calls discriminatory protectionist measures under the pretext of environmental issues.
Their declaration also mentioned support for the Brazil's proposed fund to protect endangered forests, the Tropical Forests Forever Facility. This funding facility is one way for developing countries to finance climate change mitigation, outside the obligations set by wealthy countries under the 2015 Paris Agreement.
China and the United Arab Emirates signaled during a meeting with Brazilian Finance Minister Fernando Haddad in Rio that they plan to invest in the fund, according to two sources familiar with the discussion, quoted by Reuters last week.
Indonesia's Energy Transition Commitment
President of RI Prabowo Subianto Inviting BRICS countries to strengthen collaboration in facing the climate crisis, especially through accelerating the transition to clean energy. This is to address the real impacts of the climate crisis, which are also felt by Indonesia.
The statement was made during a meeting session with leaders and delegations of the countries present in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, themed Environment, COP 30, and Global Health.
"Tadi, President said that the impacts of climate change are very felt by Indonesia," said Deputy Foreign Minister Arrmanatha Nasir in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, after accompanying President Prabowo in the event, reported Antara, Tuesday (8/7/2025).
Arrmanatha stated that Indonesia is committed to participating in combating climate change.
"President Pak expressed Indonesia's commitment to combat climate change and especially the process of our efforts to carry out clean energy," he said.
Meanwhile, several countries have also expressed the same commitment to address issues related to climate change. This includes strengthening collaboration and climate agenda ahead of the Conference of the Parties or COP30, which will be held in Brazil.
Unfortunately, regarding the energy transition, Indonesia faces domestic challenges. More than 75% of electricity growth from 2014 to 2023 still comes from fossil fuels.
Indonesia, along with new partner members such as Kazakhstan, Nigeria, and Malaysia, is currently building a fossil fuel-based power capacity of 25 GW, far exceeding the clean energy capacity that only reaches 10 GW, according to a report by Global Energy Monitor in April 2025.
Of the total capacity, more than 60% of the ongoing projects involve Chinese companies, either as developers or financiers.
On the other hand, Indonesia is expected to seize the opportunity to promote the energy transition, especially in the electricity sector. Indeed, Asia is projected to be at the forefront of the global energy transition, particularly in the power sector.
The latest report from Ember highlights how countries such as Vietnam and Bangladesh have increased their share of electricity in their total energy mix much faster than the United States.
Currently, Western countries, especially the United States, are still struggling with various policy and incentive barriers, while developing countries in Asia are aggressively embracing electrification and renewable energy as the foundation for future economic growth.
China's dominance
The inspiration for Asia's energy transition can also be said to come from China. For example, in the solar energy sector.
China's massive clean energy industry has driven a surge in solar energy use in BRICS countries. The bloc accounted for more than half of global solar power generation in 2024, according to a recent report by the energy research institution Ember.
Although the majority of BRICS countries are still major fossil fuel producers, the group collectively generated 51% of the world's solar energy last year, a drastic increase from just 15% a decade earlier. China led with a contribution of 39%, followed by India at 6.3% and Brazil at 3.5%.
"BRICS countries are no longer just spectators in the clean energy transition, but rather drivers of it. Currently, this bloc contributes more than half of the global solar power production," said Muyi Yang, Senior Electricity Analyst from Ember, in a press release on Thursday (7/3/2025).
China, India, and Brazil now occupy positions as major clean energy powers, each entering the top five global solar power producers in 2024. This growth trend continues.
China's solar power production increased by 42% in the first four months of 2025, while India and Brazil recorded growth of more than 30% during the same period.
China also leverages its technological advantages and trade relations within BRICS by exporting 9.4 billion USD worth of cells and solar panels to other member countries since the beginning of 2024, according to BloombergNEF data.
However, the clean energy leadership of the founding BRICS countries has not yet fully flowed to all its members, even with China's large foreign investments.
Ember also notes that the development of energy transition among BRICS member countries remains uneven. Russia is still far behind in clean energy growth, with solar power generation still below 500 gigawatt hours (GWh) at the beginning of 2025.
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